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Introduction As electricity demand continues to grow due to electrification, electric vehicles, and digital infrastructure, peak load management has become one of the most critical challenges facing modern power systems. Peak demand periods place significant stress on the grid, increase electricity costs through demand charges, and often require carbon-intensive peaking power plants to maintain reliability. […]

Introduction Achieving net-zero CO₂ emissions is a central objective of global climate policy and energy transition strategies. The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind is essential for decarbonization; however, their intermittent nature poses significant challenges to grid stability and reliability. At the same time, the rapid adoption of electric vehicles

Introduction Second-life electric vehicle (EV) batteries are gaining global attention as a practical solution to growing energy storage needs and sustainability challenges. With the rapid expansion of electric mobility, large numbers of lithium-ion batteries are reaching the end of their automotive service life. However, retirement from an EV does not mean the battery is no

Introduction The global energy sector is undergoing a fundamental transformation driven by climate change mitigation targets, rapid electrification, and the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources. Traditional power systems, which rely on centralized generation and one-way electricity flow, are increasingly inadequate for handling variable renewable generation, distributed energy resources, and dynamic consumer demand. Smart energy

The global energy sector is undergoing a profound structural transformation driven by climate imperatives, rapid technological innovation, and increasing economic competitiveness. Renewable energy is no longer viewed as a supplementary option but is rapidly becoming the backbone of future power systems. This transition is reshaping how electricity is generated, stored, distributed, and consumed worldwide. 1.

Introduction Electric vehicles (EVs) are accelerating the transition to low‑carbon transportation. However, with millions of EVs entering the market, a parallel concern arises: what happens to their batteries once they degrade below automotive performance requirements? Rather than relegating these batteries to landfill or immediate recycling, second‑life EV batteries present a sustainable, eco‑friendly energy solution that

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) is creating a new and often overlooked opportunity: the reuse of retired EV batteries for stationary energy storage. Although EV batteries are typically removed once their capacity drops below 70–80%, they still retain substantial usable energy. When repurposed as Second-Life Battery Energy Storage Systems (SL-BESS), these batteries can

1. Introduction As renewable energy adoption accelerates globally, two interlinked challenges are emerging: the rapid accumulation of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles (EVs) and the persistent need for reliable, low-cost energy storage in solar-powered homes. A growing body of research, including the study “Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries for Home Photovoltaic Systems: Transforming Energy